deployment

Edge Function

A server-side function deployed to a globally distributed edge network, running close to the user with lower latency and different constraints than traditional serverless.

Also known asedge runtimeedge handler

What is an edge function?

Edge functions run on a worldwide network of small, lightweight servers rather than in a single data center. A request from Tokyo hits a Tokyo edge; a request from Berlin hits a Berlin edge. Response times are typically under 50ms versus 200ms+ for traditional serverless in a single region.

Vendors: Vercel Edge Functions, Cloudflare Workers, Supabase Edge Functions, Netlify Edge Functions.

What they are good for

  • Personalization and A/B testing on cold visits
  • Auth checks and redirects before hitting origin
  • Lightweight APIs where startup time dominates
  • Image transforms and asset generation (OG images)

What they are bad for

  • Long-running code (typical limit 30s, often less)
  • Heavy dependencies (bundle size limits, typically 1MB unzipped)
  • Node-specific APIs (most edge runtimes are V8-only)
  • Direct database connections (use a pool or HTTP-based driver)

Common AI-built app mistake

Generating a route as an edge function by default, then importing a Node-only package (Prisma, pg, sharp). The deploy silently breaks at runtime with an obscure error. Match the runtime to the code.

See also

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